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About Passionate Love Scale (PLS)
Scale Name
Passionate Love Scale (PLS)
Author Details
Elaine Hatfield and Susan Sprecher
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Passionate Love Scale (PLS), developed by Elaine Hatfield and Susan Sprecher in 1986, is a psychological assessment tool designed to measure the intensity of passionate love in romantic relationships. Passionate love is characterized by intense emotional experiences, physical attraction, and cognitive preoccupation with a partner. This scale is often used in both research and clinical settings to assess how deeply an individual is emotionally involved in their romantic relationship.
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Passionate love differs from companionate love, which is more grounded in friendship, trust, and mutual respect. The PLS is based on the premise that passionate love encompasses a combination of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components that create a heightened state of romantic desire and attachment.
The PLS has been widely used in the study of romantic relationships across different cultural and age groups, allowing researchers to better understand the dynamics of romantic attachment and its implications for mental and emotional health.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Target Population: The scale is suitable for individuals in romantic relationships, ranging from adolescents to adults.
- Self-Report Format: The PLS consists of 15 or 30 items, depending on the version used, in a Likert-scale format, where respondents rate their agreement with statements about their feelings toward their partner. Ratings typically range from 1 (not at all true) to 9 (definitely true).
- Item Structure: The items assess the three major components of passionate love:
- Cognitive: Preoccupation and obsession with the partner.
- Emotional: Intense emotions, including joy, excitement, and jealousy.
- Behavioral: Desire to maintain physical closeness and express affection.
- Scoring: Higher scores indicate stronger feelings of passionate love toward the partner. The scale measures the overall intensity of passionate love rather than specific aspects of the relationship.
Reliability and Validity
The Passionate Love Scale has been demonstrated to have high reliability and validity across diverse samples. Internal consistency is strong, with Cronbach’s alpha values typically exceeding 0.90 for both the 15-item and 30-item versions. The scale has also been validated across various cultural groups and has shown predictive validity regarding relationship satisfaction and commitment.
Research has consistently supported the reliability of the PLS in measuring passionate love, with the scale correlating strongly with other measures of romantic attachment, relationship satisfaction, and mental health outcomes. Its validity is reinforced by its ability to differentiate between passionate and companionate love in relationships.
Available Versions
15-Items
Reference
Hatfield, E., & Sprecher, S. (1986). Measuring passionate love in intimate relationships.Journal of adolescence,9(4), 383-410.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: What does the Passionate Love Scale (PLS) measure?
A1: The PLS measures the intensity of passionate love in romantic relationships, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components.
Q2: Who developed the PLS?
A2: The scale was developed by Elaine Hatfield and Susan Sprecher in 1986.
Q3: How many items are in the PLS?
A3: The PLS comes in two versions—15 items and 30 items—both of which measure the same aspects of passionate love.
Q4: Is the PLS reliable?
A4: Yes, the scale has been shown to have high internal consistency and strong validity across different populations.
Q5: Can the PLS be used across cultures?
A5: Yes, the scale has been validated for use in various cultural contexts and has been used in international research on romantic relationships.
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